2/10/2006

Dietrich Seckel

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Prof. Dr. Dietrich Seckel



This page is dedicated to my unforgettable teacher of East-Asian Art at Heidelberg University.
Professor für Ostasiatische Kunstsgeschichte,
Universität Heidelberg 1965 - 1976

Gabi Greve

LINKs to my books are at the end.

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6. August 1910 in Berlin;
† 12. Februar 2007 in Heidelberg


© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Book Review by Museum Rietberg, Zurich

Before and Beyond the Image

Aniconic Symbolism in Buddhist Art



Though Buddhism imposes no ban on pictures, a basic principle – „Thou canst not, art not able to make images“ – still applies. Dietrich Seckel’s study addresses this aniconism. It focuses above all on development of Buddhist symbols, casts light on later eras’ lack of images, and pursues the new symbols of Mahayana Buddhism.

The original German edition of 1976 belongs to the German-language area’s standard works of East Asia’s history of art. To enable the work to reach an international audience, Artibus Asiae Publishers is now issuing a licensed English edition.

Until 1976 Dietrich Seckel was active as a professor of East Asian art history at the University of Heidelberg. At the moment he is working on the fourth volume of his work "Das Porträt in Ostasien" [The portrait in East Asia].

Reviewed by Museum Rietberg

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Die donnernde Stille

The ultimate goal of Zen art is the No-Longer-Symbol: the empty picture, the ‘picture’ as emptiness, the shapeless shape, the ‘thundering silence’.
Dietrich Seckel


From The Tribune, Sunday, July 3, 2005

Images of the formless

The Buddha was not rendered in human form even 500 years after the emergence of Buddhism, says B.N. Goswamy

The highest truth is without image. But if there were no image there would be no possibility for the truth to manifest itself. The highest principle is without words. But if there were no words how could be principle be known?"



The siddham character ‘A’ in the garbhadhatu mandala Japan; 15th century Inscription on a Chinese Buddha image, dated 746

"The majesty of God, which is beyond the reach of any eye, must not be dishonoured by becoming representation."
— John Calvin

"The ultimate goal of Zen art is the No-Longer-Symbol: the empty picture, the ‘picture’ as emptiness, the shapeless shape, the ‘thundering silence’."
— Dietrich Seckel

ONE knows the image well: the body firm and erect but not tense, dew-drop freshness on the face, the eyes gentle, gaze firmly fixed on the tip of the nose, the expression one of utter peace bespeaking a mind inwardly turned, like a yogi’s, a ‘flicker-less lamp burning in a windless place’. But the Buddha was not rendered like this from the beginning.

There was no rendering of him in human form at all for close to half a millennium after the founding of the faith. Where does all this come from then, this construct, and this manner of approaching him? And where does all this lead?

Dietrich Seckel, whose classic work on the Buddhist art has set the standards of scholarship for upwards of a generation, takes us through all this, and through the minefield of conflicting ideas about image-making, in a study that has become available only recently in an English version.

Translated from the original German that first appeared nearly 30 years ago — and one owes this publication in equal measure to that remarkable Zurich-based journal, Artibus Asiae, and to Helmut Brinker and John Rosenfield, two distinguished scholars, long associated with Professor Seckel, who have edited the volume — the work is now titled Before and Beyond the Image.

It is a magisterial account, subtle and layered like the doctrine that it explores as it proceeds. Art, in this case, the image of the Buddha, remains the central focus, but the world of thought unfolds all around the reader in these pages.

It starts, naturally, with things that one knows from close: the ‘representation’ more accurately, a suggestion of the presence, of the Buddha in early sculptures from India not in his human form but aniconically, through some symbol or the other: footprints, parasol, wheel, the Bodhi tree, an unoccupied throne, and the like.

In sculpted panels, devotees crowd together in an assembly to hear the Master speak, but all that one sees in place of him, is an empty throne; Sujata brings humble offerings to the Lord seated under a tree, but the tree is him, as the sculptor renders it. Sacred footprints are not only objects of contemplation and adoration, but become endowed with magical powers, for in them one sees Him. And so on. All on account of the stated belief about his being beyond representation, his transcendence of the phenomenal world.

But, with time, ideological changes come about, and Professor Seckel takes us through them, step by considered step. By the second century AD, the Mahayana doctrine comes in; popular beliefs, and needs, take over; the ancient figure of the seated ascetic and teacher is easily adapted to the form of the Buddha; a whole iconography develops. We get Mathura and Gandhara and Sarnath.

But, most engagingly, as Professor Seckel points out, the image, seductive as it is, does not displace the symbol completely. For as we move towards the Far East, in particular Japan — an area that is like home to Prof. Seckel — symbols, and symbolic representation of the Buddha, continue to occupy central place in art and thought.

The nothingness, the emptiness of Nirvana, which is the highest goal in Buddhist belief, is best understood there not through a figure but a symbol. The more abstract a visual sign is, the truer and more effective it is, in this manner of thinking. The concept of ‘circle’, or ‘round’, best represents timeless eternity without beginning or end; mudras become replete with and express the ultimate truth; mystic-magical syllables, or words written in siddha characters, contain the essence. We move through subtle ideas, images light as air, sounds that stay unstruck. It is a fascinating, deeply absorbing journey.

And none of it is without relevance even to the present day, and even in our immediate context. For we keep constantly, and still, engaging with opposites that are embedded deep in our own awareness: the idea of the godhead being nirguna (emptied of attributes) or saguna (possessed of attributes); of the Supreme Spirit being niraakaara or saakaara: devoid of form or clothed in it. Streams continue to run parallel, at least in our land.

The Tribune of India
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050703/spectrum/art.htm

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The Origin of Korean Buddhism
Jo, Byeong-hwal

.... The general Buddhist teaching, which teaches saving all the sentient beings through obtaining enlightenment, and overcoming suffering that comes from existence itself, went through slight changes according to the time and place. Even with such changes, since Buddhism has strong appeal beyond any particular race or social group, it could grow as a world religion.

Sometimes Buddhism was oppressed when it was introduced to other countries, especially if the country had ancient beliefs like Indian Hinduism or the Sinocentrism of China, based on Daoism and Confucianism.

Nevertheless, as Dietrich Seckel, a German art historian, said, eventually Buddhism was able to release the shackles that social structure, rules of action, and myths of countries like India, China, and Japan had put on people, and lead those people to new territory of thought, and make people realize the true meaning of freedom.
At the same time, Buddhism made a great contribution to raising the cultural level of adjacent nations.
http://eng.buddhism.or.kr/news/1_31/200305301054320477.asp

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BUDDHISTIC REVELATION TO THE MODERN WORLD
Thur Vien Hoa Sen

The most emphasized Buddhist concepts are the personal value and the freedom of thought that help it be developed and embellished by generations one after another. The freedom of thinking is the most essentials of all and no wonders Buddhism has been widespread and welcome all over the world while no warring conflicts are known in the history of its religious propagation at all.

German historian Dietrich Seckel, in "The Art of Buddhism" expresses his convictions as such when he writes:
“It will be appreciated that this was not the foundation upon which one could establish an obligatory dogma. Hence Buddhism could easily adapt itself to alien ways of thinking, doctrines and cultural conditions, without sacrificing its basic concepts.
This of course meant that it had to renounce the lives and thoughts of the people under its sway… It was presumably this modesty in its claims that enabled it to spread peacefully into such vast areas, where the cultural pattern was so different. "

Over two millenniums of existence with the peace-loving peoples on the eastern part of the world, Buddhism never ceases to develop and open up new dimensions of spiritual life, thought and feeling.
http://www.thuvienhoasen.org/tsncph2-13B-revelation.htm

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Symbols, icons and stupas
Perrett, Roy W.
The British Journal of Aesthetics, 1996

..... The stupa is, I suggest, such a `hypoicon', i.e. not a pure icon, but a symbol with iconic features. As such it is at least partly conventional. Interestingly it is this feature that provides a context for understanding the importance of ritual practice in inculcating an understanding of the general conventions which govern the use of such a sign.

It is well recognized that the stupas were constructed so that the pilgrim's circumambulation of the stupa should provide an experience which mirrored the passage to Buddhahood. That is, the pilgrim's ritual practice deliberately symbolically re-enacted the course taken by the Buddha, locating this within the cosmos.(10)

(10) The most spectacular example of this sort of phenomenon, however, is not actually located in India. It is the stupendous, multi-levelled Buddhist monument at Borobudur in Java.
Of this Dietrich Seckel writes:

`Borobudur has rightly been called a psychophysical pilgrim's path: the terraces lead the pilgrim through the different cosmic spheres, levels of apprehension, and stages of redemption. It is an initiation course into the Buddhist faith, executed in stone' .
[The Art of Buddhism(New York: Crown, 1964), p. 132]
http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-EPT/roy1.htm

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Creations of Buddhist Art

They take something that is in its essence beyond form but reveals itself in visionary forms adapted to our earthly ability for visualization and conceptualization.
Dietrich Seckel

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Das Portrait in Ostasien. Rezension by Daniel Spanke, Koeln

Some other Books by Prof. Seckel

Investigation on Yoshida Shinto architecture:
"Taigenkyu, das Heiligtum des Yuiitsu-Shinto. Eine Studie zur Symbolik und Geschichte der japanischen Architektur."
In Monumenta Nipponica 6: 53-85, 1943

Buddhistische Kunst Ostasiens (Buddhist Art of East Asia)
(1957)

Emakimono (Japanische Bildrollen)
(1959)
The Art of the Japanese Printed Hand-scroll, translated by J. Maxwell Brownjohn (New York: Pantheon, 1972)

Jenseits Des Bildes: Anikonische Symbolik in der Buddhistischen Kunst
(1976)

Schriften-Verzeichnis:
Mit einem autobiographischen Essay, Mein Weg zur Kunst Ostasiens
(1981)

Buddhistische Tempelnamen in Japan
(1985)

Buddhist Art of East Asia
(1989)

Das Bildnis in der Kunst des Orients
(1990)

Das Portrait in Ostasien
(1991)

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Kurzbiographie
Dietrich Seckel, Begründer der Ostasiatischen Kunstgeschichte


23. November 2001
Professor Dr. Dietrich Seckel zu Gast bei "Erlebte Geschichte - erzählt"
Heidelberg

Professor Dr. Dietrich Seckel ist am Sonntag, 2. Dezember, um 17 Uhr Gesprächsgast von Michael Buselmeier in der Reihe "Erlebte Geschichte - erzählt" im Spiegelsaal des Prinz Carl, Kornmarkt 1. Veranstalter ist das Kulturamt der Stadt Heidelberg.
Der Lebens- und Ausbildungsweg Dietrich Seckels ist nicht immer gerade verlaufen.
Geboren wurde er 1910 als Sohn eines Jura-Professors in Berlin.

Nach dem Abitur im Jahr 1928 studierte er in Berlin Germanistik und Kunstgeschichte und promovierte 1936 bei dem berühmten Julius Petersen über den Sprachrhythmus Hölderlins. Auf Anraten seines Lehrers Petersen reiste Dietrich Seckel im selben Jahr nach Japan, um zunächst in Hiroshima und zwei Jahre später in Tokio als Deutschlehrer zu arbeiten. Während seines Japan-Aufenthalts arbeitete er sich autodidaktisch in die ostasiatische Kunstgeschichte ein.

Zurück in Deutschland habilitierte er sich im Jahr 1948 in Heidelberg bei August Grisebach. Anfang der fünfziger Jahre bekam er eine Stelle als Professor, Wissenschaftlicher Rat und leitete zeitweise das Studium Generale. 1962 erschien in der vielbändigen Reihe "Kunst der Welt" Seckels Standardwerk "Kunst des Buddhismus". 1965 wurde er Ordinarius, 1976 wurde er emeritiert.

Zur Zeit arbeitet Dietrich Seckel am dritten Band seines Werkes "Das Porträt in der ostasiatischen Kunst".
http://ww2.heidelberg.de/aktuelle/archiv/pd231101.htm

Der Privatdozent Dietrich Seckel, der seit dem Sommersemester 1949 am Kunsthistorischen Institut lehrte, gründetete die Ostasiatische Abteilung des kunsthistorischen Institutes der Universität Heidelberg.



Professor Seckel
with Lothar Ledderose and Helmut Brinker, 1979

Photo from Orientations Magazine
© Orientations Magazine December 2007


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Prof. Dietrich Seckel in seinem Büro

quote
Institut für Kunstgeschichte Ostasiens
Historie des Instituts
Forschung und Lehre wurden seit 1947 sukzessiv in der Ostasiatischen Abteilung des Kunsthistorischen Instituts aufgebaut, konzipiert als Teil einer umfassenden Reihe von Seminaren zur Weltkunstgeschichte. Bis zur Einrichtung eines Lehrstuhles für ostasiatische Kunstgeschichte an der FU Berlin (2003) stellte Heidelberg die einzige spezialisierte Forschungs- und Ausbildungsstätte für Kunstgeschichte Ostasiens in Deutschland dar.

Die Etablierung des Faches in Deutschland ist eng verbunden mit der Lebensleistung von Dietrich Seckel (1910-2007), der sich nach seiner Rückkehr von einem zehnjährigem Japanaufenthalt 1948 in Heidelberg habilitierte, damals in einem noch nicht institutionalisierten Fach. 1965 wurde für ihn der erste Lehrstuhl eingerichtet.

1976 folgte Lothar Ledderose als zweiter Lehrstuhlinhaber nach.
source : iko.uni-hd.de/institute


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My Books

Buddhistische Kultgegenstände Japans
by Gabi Greve
(Buddhist Ritual and Ceremonial Tools, butsugu, hoogu)


Ich widme dieses Buch, in grosser Dankbarkeit, einem grossen Sensei, Dietrich Seckel.
Okayama Pref., Japan 1996



Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who,
Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie von japanischen Buddhastatuen
by Gabi Greve
1994
(All about Japanese Buddhastatues)
With a Review by Dietrich Seckel


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Lieber Herr Professor !
is it too late to write
this letter now?


Gabi Greve, January 2011


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Zum 10. Todesjahr von Dietrich Seckel



Die Etablierung des Faches Kunstgeschichte Ostasiens in Deutschland ist eng verbunden mit der Lebensleistung von Dietrich Seckel (1910-2007), der sich während seines Aufenthaltes in Japan als Deutschlehrer zwischen 1936 und 1947 mit der Kunst und Architektur Japans auseinandersetzte und nach seiner Rückkehr 1948 in Heidelberg habilitierte – damals in einem noch nicht institutionalisierten Fach. 1965 wurde für ihn der erste Lehrstuhl eingerichtet. Nach seinem Tod im Jahr 2007, erhielt das Institut die fast eintausend Amateurfotos, die Seckel selbst zwischen Ende 1936 und 1942 während seiner Lehrtätigkeit in Japan aufnahm. Diese wurden digitalisiert und sind nun öffentlich zugänglich. Die Alltags-, Natur- und Architekturaufnahmen, die diesen Bestand bestimmen, enthüllen einerseits einen Teil seines persönlichen Werdegangs und eröffnen anderseits einen ungewöhnlichen und beeindruckenden Blick auf Japan während der Vor- und Kriegszeit. In einer Masterarbeit vom Jahr 2016 hat Anne-Laure Bodin historische Hintergründe und Aspekte der Fotos analysiert und eingeordnet.

Dietrich Seckel Fotoarchiv
​Arrow Anne-Laure Bodin: Japan durch die Augen eines deutschen Kunsthistorikers gesehen: Die Fotografien von Dietrich Seckel, 1936-1942
http://iko.uni-hd.de/

- - - - - Abstract
Von 1936 bis 1947 unterrichtete Dietrich Seckel (1910-2007) als junger Lektor die deutsche Sprache in Japan. Als 26 jähriger Mann spielte diese Periode eine entscheidende Rolle in seiner Entdeckung der ostasiatischen Kunst im Allgemein und der japanischen Kunst im Besonderen. Nach seiner Rückkehr nach Deutschland unterrichete er Kunstgeschichte Ostasiens an der Universität Heidelberg und wurde ab 1965 zum ersten Lehrstuhlinhaber des Faches ostasiatische Kunst. Nach seinem Tod im Jahr 2007 erhielt die Diathek des Instituts das Vermächtnis von fast eintausend Fotografien, die Seckel im Laufe seines Japanaufenthalts aufgenommen hatte. Diese Bilder bieten einen reichen, vielfältigen und häufig bewegenden, visuellen Bericht eines Deutschen im Japan der Vor- und Kriegszeit.

Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse dieses fotografischen Bestands, der 2015 vollständig digitalisiert wurde und der jetzt u.a. auf der digitalen Bilddatenbank HeidIcon der Universitätsbibliothek einsehbar ist. In drei Kapiteln ist das Ziel der Arbeit dieses „Dietrich Seckel Archiv“ zu untersuchen, zu kategorisieren und in historischer und kunsthistorischer Hinsicht zu kontextualisieren. Dafür ist die Berücksichtigung des gesamten analogen Fotomaterials inklusive deren Verpackung sowie der Primärquellen des Seckel-Nachlasses von besonderer Bedeutung. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem, so weit möglich, Abgleich von Fotos und Briefen, die Seckel an seine Mutter zwischen 1936 und 1941 schrieb. Beide Medien ergänzen sich und sind untrennbar miteinander verbunden.

Die Briefe enthüllen und erklären den Sinn von jedem Bild und erlauben diese Fotos in mehrere ikonografischen Kategorien einzuordnen. Alltag-, Natur- und Architekturaufnahmen, die diesen Bestand bestimmen, zeigen einerseits ein Beispiel der Amateurfotografie in Japan in dieser Zeit und andererseits die Wichtigkeit der Fotografie als Hilfe für die wissenschaftlichen Schriften des künftigen Kunsthistorikers Seckel, die aus seiner ersten Untersuchungen der japanischen Architektur resultierten.

Der Bildanhang der Masterarbeit stellt eine Auswahl von mehr als 240 fortlaufend nummerierten Fotos von Seckel zum Text der Arbeit, zu denen etwa 30 Fotos zeitgleicher Amateurfotographen in Japan hinzukommen. Dazu finden sich auch Abbildungen aus wissenschaftlichen Schriften Seckels, die seine publizierten Fotos zeigen, sowie drei Übersichtskarten Japans mit Orten, die Seckel zwischen Anfang 1937 und August 1941 besichtigte.
http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/4598/
.
-- Fotoarchiv:
http://heidicon.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/pool/zo_dsa
-- direkt der Textband:
http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/4598/1/Bodin_Japan_durch_die_Augen_eines_deutschen_Kunsthistorikers_gesehen_2016.pdf
-- die Abbildungen:
http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/4598/8/Bodin_Japan_durch_die_Augen_eines_deutschen_Kunsthistorikers_gesehen_Abbildungen_2016.pdf
.

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. Introducing Buddha Statues .

. busshi 仏師 Buddhist Sculptors Gallery .

. Gokuraku - The Buddhist Paradise .

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2/07/2006

Omokaru Ishi

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Omokaru Ishi, heavy or light stones
おもかる石 / 重軽石 

the feeling of heaviness depends on you !



There are various varieties of these stones. You make a wish and try to lift the stone (or statue, as we will see below) and if you can carry it (karui), your wish is granted. If you can not carry it (omoi), then you have to come back another day.

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Heavy or light Omokaru Stones at Fushimi Inari Shrine, Kyoto

A stone, named 'Omokaru-Ishi',is exhibited here.'Omokaru' is meaning 'heavy or light' and 'Ishi' meaning 'stone'.
It's believed if you feel lighter than your presumption as your lifting, you'll live a fortunate life.
http://hw001.gate01.com/tidbit/english/map/map.htm

【おもかる石】

奉拝所の右側後に、一対の石灯篭があります。この灯篭の前で願い事の成就可否を念じて石灯篭の空輪(頭)を持ち上げ、そのときに感じる重さが、自分が予想していたよりも軽ければ願い事が叶い、重ければ叶い難いとする試し石です。
The stones are placed at the top of the stone lanterns. Try to lift them!

http://inari.jp/e_taishamp/okusha.html

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おもかる大師~ Omokaru Daishi -
Heavy or Light Kobo Daishi



昔、おきぬという信心深い老婆が、木の実を拾おうと 気賀の町の裏山をさまよっていると、萩の下に、 お地蔵様のような形をした変った石を見つけました。
「これはこれは、お大師様だ。何かのご縁に違いない」 と、おきぬはその石を軽々と抱き上げ近くの松の木の下に据えました。 その後、おきぬは毎日、水や花をもってお参りに来て いましたが、ある日、道順の良い所に石を動かそうと したところ、重くて動きません。
ところがある日、 急に雨が降り出してきたため、石が雨にぬれてしまう と思い、動かしてみると、今度は軽く動くので 大きな松の木の下に移してやりました。
そのうちに、おきぬはこの石には重い日と軽い日が あるのを知りました。
この話が人々に広まり、多くの 人が参詣に訪れるようになりましたが、願いをかけて、 それが叶うときには軽く持ち上がり、叶わないときには 重くて持ち上がらないことから、いつしかこの石は 「おもかる大師」と呼ばれるようになりました。
いにしえの町づくりの会ー

Omokaru Daishi
祠の中におもかる大師が鎮座されていました。



Look at more photos
http://nats12.cool.ne.jp/SHINREI/SHIZUOKA.1/OMOKARU/omokaru.html

Long long ago, there was this old woman, O-Kinu, who was looking for nuts in the nearby forest and found a stone that looked almost like a little Jizo.
"Oh my," she thought, "that must be Kobo Daishi himself!" She lifted the stone without effort and carried it beneath a tall tree for protection. She came every day now and brought flowers and water for the statue too.

Some days, she could lift it easily and other days, not a centimeter. She figured, this stone must have its heavy and light days.

Later peopole came up with the story that if you can lift this Daishi after making a wish, it will be granted.

Read more about
Kukai, Kobo Daishi 弘法大師 空海 (Kuukai, Kooboo Daishi)

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Omokaru Tengu おもかる天狗

Omokaru Tengu, Spinning Stone of Yokozuna Jinmaku



Onomichi is often associated with stone crafts and many sculptures all over the city display the talent of the craftmen in the past.

Omokaru Jizou in Taisanji Temple, Omokaru Tengu in Kongouin Temple (Kongoo-In, Saikoo-Ji) are mysterious set of statues when visitors make a wish and lift them and finds that they are lighter, their wishes come true.

Spinning Stone of Yokozuna Jinmaku in Joudoji Temple is said that when you turn the stone while you make a wish and the stone feels light, then the wish will come true.

Onomichi Iyashino Sekizoubutsu
Address : 29-13, Nishikubo-cho, Onomichi-shi

Copyright (C) 2003-2006, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
Onomichi Heavy Light Jizo and Tengu

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Heavy or light Omokaru Tengu at Temple Saikoo-Ji
Onomichi

"Omokaru san" おもかるさん



First, you write your wish and a dream in the notebook there.
There are lots of dream of many people in the notebook.
Next, you lift the three stones in light order.
Remember the stones are very heavy!
If you can lift all three stones, your wish will come true.
http://www.onosho.ed.jp/studentswork/reading/20003508/saikokuji_e.htm

Read my article about
TENGU and DARUMA Tengu 天狗の面 <> Long-Nosed Goblins

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Shiteno-Ji Osaka
「おもかる地蔵尊」



Copyright (C) 2003 I.HATADA
http://tencoo.fc2web.com/jinja/xsitenno.htm

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Temple Gokuraku-Ji



その人の願いが叶うかどうかをしめしてくれるお地蔵様
抱き地蔵様 おもかる地蔵様 ともよばれている。
お地蔵様を持ち上げてみて重ければ願いが叶いにくく、反対にかるければ願いが叶いやすいといわれ、いつも熱心な信者様によりお化粧や衣などきれいにしておられます。

Also called : Jizo to take in your arms.
Gokuraku-Ji, Nr. 2 of the Shikoku Pilgrimage.
http://www.tv-naruto.ne.jp/gokurakuji/omokarujizo.html

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Temple Kannon-Ji
Kochi, Yamanote Machi, Shikoku



願い事をしたあとでこのお地蔵さんをかかえあげると、願いがかなうときは軽く、かなわないときは重く感じさせて教えてくれるというのです。
そんないわれのあるお地蔵さんが、高知市西部の山手町、観音寺にあります。
http://www.kochi-grandhotel.co.jp/7fushigi/fushigi05.htm

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Temple Ryu-Un-Ji
Aichi Prefecture, Tokoname Town



重軽地蔵と奉納の石

そもそも重軽地蔵は明治の頃に寺の近くの伊勢湾の海で漁師の網に掛かって海から引き上げられました。
引き上げたばかりの時は沢山の貝殻が附着していた大きな石のかたまりでした。
こつこつと附着した貝殻を丁寧に取り去ると、中から石の地蔵が現れました。

引き上げた漁師が家に持ち帰ってその地蔵を大切に保管していたところその家が栄えたそうです。
後に近所の不心得者がバクチでもうけようと地蔵を盗み出したところ、病苦の果て一家離散の災難に遭いました。
盗人が不幸にすっかり懲りて元の漁師のところに地蔵を頭を下げて返しました。

良い事ばかりではなく不幸も呼ぶのではとのことで昭和の始め頃から龍雲寺に預けられました。
地蔵の製作年代は不明で高さ約25cm、幅約19cmの石の地蔵さんです。
預けられた地蔵は持ち上げて簡単に持ち上がる時は願いが叶って、持ち上がらない時は願いが叶えられないといわれ、重軽地蔵と呼ばれるようになりました。

龍雲寺に預けられてまもなく「お参りしたらイボが取れた」と評判になって疣地蔵と呼ばれるようになりました。
この重軽地蔵はいろいろの願い事が叶うということで願掛け地蔵とも言われています。

御住職の奥様は重軽地蔵さんへの祈り方を「心で静かに祈ることが大切です。」と話して下さいました。
以前持ち上げた方が地蔵さんを落としてしまって足に怪我をしたことがあったとのことです。
その時に重軽地蔵が欠けて疵が残ったとのことでくれぐれも不心得にも触れない様にとのお話でした。
重軽地蔵さんの前には「いぼを落として下さい」と書いた丸い石が沢山供えてありました。
石を供えるのは最近のことで本来は離れて静かに願い事を祈願すればよいそうです。

中日新聞の「お地蔵さん見つけた」によると地蔵への願掛けは近くの浜で綺麗な石を拾って、お参り毎に供えて、願いが叶ったらその石を浜へ返すのが地元のしきたりとの記事がありました。
昔は石ではなく餅であったとの説もありとのことです。

龍雲寺, 愛知県常滑市神明町
http://www2.tokai.or.jp/hiramatu/iboibo/tokoname.htm

This Jizo stone was found by a fishermonger in a mound of empty shells at Ise Bay during the beginning of the Meiji period. He brought it to the temple to make sure it would not bring bad luck to himself.

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Hiyoshi Shrine
Gifu Town



日吉神社本殿の西の祠(ほこら)にいつからあるか不明ではあるが、おもかる地蔵があり、願い事を祈願してこの地蔵が軽く持ち上がれば願い事かない、重くて上がらないときは願い事かなわずという言い伝えがあります。
日吉神社 岐阜
http://www.town.godo.gifu.jp/hiyoshi/hiyoshi.html

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Heavy or light Omokaru Jizoo at Mandala Temple Park
Konan Town, Aichi Pref.



曼陀羅寺公園 (江南市前飛保町)
http://members10.tsukaeru.net/trees2004/mandarajikouen3.htm

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Read Mark Schumacher about Jizo Bosatsu

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HAIKU 俳句 HAIKU 俳句 HAIKU
Translations by Gabi Greve

辻堂のおもかる地蔵ちちろ鳴く
tsujidoo no omokaru Jizoo chichiro naku

the heavy-light Jizo
at the wayside temple -
chrickets chirping

鵜飼紫生
http://www.haisi.com/saijiki/koorogi.htm

Crickets, a kigo for autumn

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残暑厳しおもかる石もあがらずに
zanshoo kibishi omokaru ishi mo agarazu ni

lingering heat
the heavy-light stone
too heavy to lift

岡本明美 Okamoto Akemi

Quote from a page with haiku about
Stones for strong people, chikara ishi 力石
Yokkaichi University Study Group on Lifting Stones.
Takashima Shinsuke 高島愼助


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おもかるの石の雪や誕生日
omokaru no ishi no yuki ya tanjoobi

heavy or light
stones in morning snow -
her birthday


Look at them ! © Gabi Greve

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omokaru stone in the form of a Hoju Jewel
宝珠型の重軽石
from Ichinomiya town 一宮市奥町
shrine Sarutahiko jinja 猿田彦神社

With three lines in yellow, red and blue.

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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External LINKS

source : kotenma 01

source : kotenma 02

source : kotenma 03


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Heavy-light stones and statues as well as stones for strenght competition (chikara ishi) are non-seasonal topics for haiku.

Power Stone, Strenght Stone (chikara ishi, Japan)
with Haiku


Saijiki for Buddhist Events
仏教歳時記 Bukkyoo Saijiki


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2/06/2006

Kanzan Jittoku

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Kanzan and Jittoku 寒山拾得



The inscription reads:

Kanzan:
Where shall we go to play?
To the mountains? To the river?
Jittoku:
Let us go right up to the sky !

Painting by 榊 莫山 Sakaki Bakuzan

Look at more paintings of these two here
http://www.sakai.zaq.ne.jp/piicats/kanzan.htm

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Kanzan (reading a scroll) and Jittoku (holding a broom). Kanzan's name literally means "Cold Mountain," and so he is sometimes called the "Poet of Cold Mountain," the "Recluse of Cold Mountain," or something to that effect. Jittoku's name literally means "the Foundling" . These are legendary figures.

As the story goes, Kanzan was a mountain recluse or hermit in the Daoist tradition. Jittoku was a foster child in the care of a nearby Buddhist monastery, where he swept the kitchen floors as did other odd jobs. Their iconography derives from this background. Kanzan usually appears holding or reading a scroll, and Jittoku usually appears holding a broom. They wear simple, rough clothing, and are often depicted with odd facial features.

As time passed, Kanzan (Hanshan) and Jittoku (Shide) gradually became associated with the Wagô (He-he) Twins in the minds of many Chinese.
Of course, the objects they hold distinguish the two pairs, but what about depictions in which the *hand-held objects are omitted*? In such cases it is often impossible to tell which pair the artist
intended to depict--though often the title of the painting makes it clear.

In Japan, Kanzan came to be regarded as a local manifestation of the Bodhisattva Monju, distinguished by his superior intellect and wisdom. That Kanzan was typically depicted reading or carrying scrolls of Buddhist sutras reinforced the impression of him as unusually wise. Likewise, Jittoku came to be regarded as a local manifestation of the Bodhisattva Fugen. Fugen is a Boddhisattva of compassionate wisdom. Jittoku would often bring left over food from
the monastery kitchen to Kanzan, which may be one reason for the link with Fugen.
http://www3.la.psu.edu/textbooks/172/graphics/ch7/10.htm

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Hanshan prepares to write a poem on a rock,
while Shide makes ink by mixing dry pigment with water.
Their master, the Zen monk Fenggan, observes with his pet tiger.
by Kawanabe Kyosai
Click for enlargement !

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Blue-green spring water,
white moonlit mountain.

Quiet wisdom of the spirit:
empty gaze beyond silence.




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Chinese : Hanshan Shide. Semi-legendary Tang (618-907) dynasty Zen 禅 (Ch: Chan) eccentrics who were frequently depicted in Chinese and Japanese ink painting. Kanzan 寒山 (Ch: Hanshan), lit. cold mountain, is thought to have lived as a poet-recluse near Mt. Tiantai 天台 (Jp:Tendai) in Zhejiang 浙江.
Jittoku 拾得 (Ch: Shide), lit. foundling, was so named because he was found by the Zen master Bukan 豊干 (Ch: Fenggan) and raised in the Tiantai temple Guoqingsi 国清寺,
where he worked in the kitchen and gave leftover food to his friend Kanzan.

The little that is known of their biographies is provided in the preface to a collection of Kanzan's poetry, Cold Mountain (Ch: Hanshanzishiji 寒山子詩集; translated into English by Burton Watson) and the KEITOKU DENTOUROKU 景徳伝灯録 (Ch: JINGDE CHUANDENGLU)
compiled in 1004. Kanzan and Jittoku were regarded later as incarnations of the bodhisattvas Monju 文殊 (Sk: Manjus'ri and Fugen 普賢 (Sk: Samantabadhra), respectively.

They are usually depicted with ragged clothing, long, tangled hair, and grimacing or laughing wildly. Kanzan frequently holds a scroll, presumably of his poetry although several painting inscriptions claim it is devoid of writing, while Jittoku holds a broom, indicating his position as a
scullion. Along with Bukan and his pet tiger, they make up the shisui 四睡 or "four sleepers" . Kanzan and Jittoku form one of the most enduring subjects in Japanese ink painting.

Notable Chinese examples include those by Liang Kai 梁楷 (Jp: Ryoukai; early 13c; MOA Museum), and Yintuoluo 因陀羅 (Jp:Indara; late 14c; Tokyo National Museum). Well-known Japanese works include paintings by Kaou 可翁 (mid-14c; several versions including one in
the Freer Gallery of Art), by Shoukei 松谿 (late 15c; Tokugawa 徳川 Art Museum), Reisai 霊彩 (mid-15c; Burke collection, New York), Kaihou Yuushou 海北友松 (1533-1615; Myoushinji 妙心寺, Kyoto), and painters of the Kanoo school (*Kanou-ha 狩野派).

In the Edo period they were parodied as mitate-e 見立絵 in ukiyo-e 浮世絵.
http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/k/kanzanjittoku.htm

Read in my Dragon Gallery about
Tiger, the Four Sleepers, Shisui


. 豊干 Bukan Daruma, Fushimi Clay Doll

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I have a single cave
a cave with nothing inside
spacious and devoid of dust
full of light that always shines
a meal of plants feeds a frail body
a cloth robe masks a mirage
let your thousand sages appear
I have the primordial Buddha


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Collecting Zen Art
Great article, including our Jittoku and his friend Kanzan.
http://www.zenpaintings.com/collecting-new.htm

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Buson also painted Jittoku and Kanzan.
"Sotetsu zu", "Sansui zu", and "Kanzan Jittoku zu" were originally drawn on the sliding screens of the main hall. "Sotetsu zu" was the eight pieces drawing on the four screens, and each of the two "Sansui zu" was the six piece drawing on the seven screens respectively.
http://www.busondera.com/buson/e_buson.html

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Tengen Chiben (1737-1805), known as Gako



Popularly known by his painter's name Gako, the Rinzai Zen monk Tengen Chiben was a student of Hakuin's pupil Dakyu Ebo at Hofukuji in Okayama, from whom he received his certification.

He lived at Onsenji in Kami Suwa, Shinana Province, for twenty-seven years, and reestablished Kogakuhi in Kai. Onsenji is located on the shore of Lake Suwa, and Gako took his favourite art name (Goose Lake) from a nickname for the lake.

In 1801 he supervised the training hall at Nanzenji in Kyoto, and retired in 1804 to Kagakuji, turning over his position at Onsenhi to his heir, Gano Zentei of Joinji in Ashikaga. In spring of the following year he fell ill and returned to Onsenji, where he died aged 69.
Memorial stupas were erected ot Onsenji and Kogakuji.

A fluent calligrapher and highly regared Zen painter, Gako's subject matter was figural, typically including such pairings in the Hakuin/Suio tradition as the "mad" Zen monks Kanzan and Jittoku without clearly identifying attributes (cf. A pair of hanging scrolls in the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco showing the two excentrics. Gako must have known Suio's depictions).

Signed: Gakô. Seal: Chiben no in Tengan.

© Bachmann Eckstein Art & Antiques
http://www.art-antiques.ch/objects/411.html

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Man with Broom
Jittoku carries a broom which stands for humility.
http://www.shinenkan.com/Artists/HOITSU/RI000002.HTM

oo oo oo oo oo



穏やかな顔つきがおおらかさを物語っているようです。
http://www.tku.ac.jp/~takaira/HP/kanzan02.html

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cleaning the street
with a broom like old Jittoku -
typhoon destruction

Gabi Greve,
after typhoon Tokage, 2004

My Study on the Japanese BROOM !

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cold mountain –
a foundling is nurtured
by the hermit


Don Baird, December 2008

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Maxims of Master Han Shan

From Nr. 1 to Nr. 78, there is a lot to study.

1. When we preach the Dharma to those who see only the ego’s illusory world, we preach in vain. We might as well preach to the dead.


78. A person who is alone cannot hold a conversation. A drum has to be hollow for its sound to reverberate. Absences count. Words limit. Interpretations differ. What is not said is also relevant.
Absolute Truth cannot be expressed in words. It must be experienced. And then, in eloquent silence we best reveal that we have awakened to the Dharma

http://www.hsuyun.org/Dharma/zbohy/Literature/HanShan/hanshan-maxims.html
http://www.hsuyun.org/Dharma/zbohy/Literature/HanShan/



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Poems and Music
Cold Mountains (Zen Poems)
source : www.youtube.com

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Forward to the Past: Tadanori Yokoo's Road to Hanshan and Shide
Yokoo Tadanori Museum of Contemporary Art, Kobe City, Hyogo

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